Java Core Roadmap

[Lomanu4]

Here's a comprehensive Core Java Roadmap designed for both beginners and intermediate developers who want a strong foundation in Java and aim to use it for backend development, automation, or further specialization (e.g., Spring, Android, etc.).

1. Java Basics

• Setting up Java (JDK + IDE like IntelliJ or Eclipse)
• Hello World program
• Variables and Data Types
• Type Casting
• Operators (Arithmetic, Logical, Bitwise, etc.)
• if, else, switch statements
• Loops (for, while, do-while)
• break, continue

2. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

• Classes and Objects
• Constructors
• this keyword
• Inheritance (extends)
• Polymorphism (Overloading and Overriding)
• Abstraction (abstract, interfaces)
• Encapsulation (Getters/Setters, access modifiers)
• super keyword
• final, static, instanceof

3. Java Language Features

• Packages and import
• enum types
• Nested and Inner Classes
• Anonymous Classes
• Varargs (...)
• Wrapper Classes (Integer, Double, etc.)
• Autoboxing and Unboxing
• JavaBeans convention

4. Exception Handling

• try, catch, finally
• throw vs throws
• Custom exceptions
• Checked vs Unchecked exceptions
• Stack trace and exception chaining

5. Collections Framework

• List, Set, Map, Queue interfaces
• Implementations: ArrayList, LinkedList, HashSet, TreeSet, HashMap, LinkedHashMap, TreeMap, PriorityQueue
• Iterator, ListIterator
• Comparable vs Comparator
• Collection utility classes (Collections, Arrays)
• Immutable Collections

6. Generics

• Generic Classes and Methods
• Bounded Type Parameters
• Wildcards (? extends, ? super)

7. Multithreading and Concurrency

• Thread class and Runnable interface
• synchronized, wait, notify, notifyAll
• Thread lifecycle
• ExecutorService and Thread Pools
• Callable, Future
• ConcurrentHashMap, CountDownLatch, Semaphore

8. Java I/O and File Handling

• Byte Streams and Character Streams
• File, FileReader, FileWriter
• BufferedReader, BufferedWriter
• InputStream, OutputStream
• Object Serialization
• Java NIO (optional at this stage)

9. Java 8+ Features

• Lambda Expressions
• Functional Interfaces (Function, Consumer, Predicate, etc.)
• Streams API (filter, map, collect, etc.)
• Optional
• Method References and Constructor References
• Date and Time API (java.time package)

10. Utilities and Best Practices

• String, StringBuilder, StringBuffer
• Math, Arrays, Objects, Collections
• Java Memory Management (Garbage Collection, heap vs stack)
• System.out.println, Logger
• Writing clean, readable, and testable code
• Unit Testing with JUnit (basic)

? Bonus Topics (for advanced readiness)

• Reflection API
• Annotations
• JDBC Basics (Connecting to a database)
• Java Modules (Java 9+)
• Introduction to Maven or Gradle (for managing dependencies)

? Tools to Learn Alongside Java

• IDE: IntelliJ IDEA or Eclipse
• Build Tools: Maven or Gradle
• Version Control: Git & GitHub
• Documentation: JavaDocs
• Debugging Tools: Built-in debugger in IDE

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