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refers to the structural design and organization of the server-side components of a software application. It focuses on how the backend handles data processing, business logic, database interactions, authentication, API integrations, and server management to ensure scalability, security, and high performance. Modern backend architecture often leverages microservices, cloud-native infrastructure, containerization (like Docker and Kubernetes), RESTful and GraphQL APIs, and event-driven systems. Key trending concepts include serverless computing, API-first design, database optimization with NoSQL or NewSQL, and real-time data processing. This architecture plays a crucial role in building robust, maintainable, and scalable web and mobile applications that can handle complex user demands and evolving digital ecosystems.