Python bytearray

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Overview


bytearray is an important built-in class in Python that represents a mutable sequence of bytes.

1. Basic Characteristics


bytearray is similar to bytes, but unlike bytes, bytearray is mutable.


# Create a bytearray
ba = bytearray(b'Hello')
print(ba) # Output: bytearray(b'Hello')
print(type(ba)) # Output: <class 'bytearray'>



2. Methods to Create bytearray

Create from bytes object


ba1 = bytearray(b'Hello')
print(ba1) # bytearray(b'Hello')



Create from string (encoding required)


ba2 = bytearray('Hello', 'utf-8')
print(ba2) # bytearray(b'Hello')



Create empty bytearray of specified length


ba3 = bytearray(5)
print(ba3) # bytearray(b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')



Create from iterable object


ba4 = bytearray([65, 66, 67, 68]) # ASCII: A, B, C, D
print(ba4) # bytearray(b'ABCD')



3. Mutability Demonstration


# bytes is immutable (will cause error)
b = b'Hello'
# b[0] = 74 # TypeError: 'bytes' object does not support item assignment

# bytearray is mutable
ba = bytearray(b'Hello')
ba[0] = 74 # ASCII code for 'J'
print(ba) # bytearray(b'Jello')



4. Common Operations

Add elements


ba = bytearray(b'Hello')
ba.append(33) # ASCII code for '!'
print(ba) # bytearray(b'Hello!')



Extend bytearray


ba = bytearray(b'Hello')
ba.extend(b' World')
print(ba) # bytearray(b'Hello World')



Convert to other types


ba = bytearray(b'Hello')
# Convert to bytes
bytes_obj = bytes(ba)
print(bytes_obj) # b'Hello'

# Convert to string
string = ba.decode('utf-8')
print(string) # 'Hello'

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